The most important monuments of the archaeological site are the remains and locations that define the Sanctuary of Athena Chalkioikos at the summit of the Acropolis. The temple, designed by the architect Bathycles of Magnesia, was decorated internally with bronze panels from the 6th century BC onwards. On the southern slope of the Acropolis lies the Ancient Theatre of Sparta, built during the early Roman Imperial period. The orchestra, retaining walls bearing inscriptions of Spartan magistrates from Roman times, and part of the cavea are preserved. The stage could be moved on iron rails. Also preserved is the so-called Circular Building, whose original function remains unknown. Built with finely cut stone blocks and smaller stones, it may represent a Roman-period reconstruction of an earlier building important to Spartan public life (possibly the Skias). Excavations by the British School at Athens have revealed the remains of shops next to the Ancient Theatre. Dating to the Roman Imperial period, these brick-built structures, decorated internally with plaster, served spectators attending theatrical performances and other events. The remains of a large Middle Byzantine basilica, once identified as the Basilica of Saint Nikon (10th century AD), are also preserved.

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